Mandala illustration Gandhara Hellenistic-Buddhist: central Standing Buddha frontal upright large flowing draped toga-like robe deeply-folded flowing heavy gathered fold-lines serene idealised face large Hellenistic topknot ushnisha long elongated earlobes raised-hand Abhaya mudra circular interlocking-lotus-acanthus medallion border/Bodhisattva princely lavishly-ornamented jewelled crown multiple-strand necklaces prominently-muscled upper dhoti-clad lower/Corinthian acanthus scroll deeply-lobed forms tightly-curling tendrils continuously/narrative Buddhist frieze figural scene-based Jataka Buddha life multiple interacting robed ornamented Corinthian capital column medallions/lotus-petal beaded-string pearl roundel border

Gandhara / Pakistan – Hellenistic-Buddhist / Standing Buddha / Bodhisattva / Acanthus / Narrative Frieze – Mandala

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Gandhara Hellenistic-Buddhist mandala: innermost central Gandharan Standing Buddha characteristic frontal upright standing Gandharan Buddha figure large flowing draped Hellenistic-style toga-like robe deeply-folded flowing heavy gathered toga-like monk-robe draping deep naturalistic fold-lines serene idealised Buddha face large heavy Hellenistic-style topknot ushnisha long elongated earlobes raised-hand Abhaya mudra framed circular interlocking-lotus-and-acanthus medallion border — first concentric ring alternating Gandharan Bodhisattva Prince Siddhartha figure panels characteristic princely lavishly-ornamented Bodhisattva figure elaborate jewelled crown multiple-strand necklaces prominently-muscled upper body dhoti-clad lower body alternating acanthus-scroll medallions — second concentric ring characteristic Gandharan acanthus border flowing curving Corinthian acanthus scroll deeply-lobed acanthus leaf forms tightly-curling scroll tendrils running continuously — third concentric ring alternating Gandharan narrative Buddhist frieze panels figural scene-based narrative relief Buddha life Jataka multiple interacting robed ornamented figures alternating Corinthian-capital column medallions — outermost border ring continuous alternating lotus-petal border beaded-string pearl roundel ornament.

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